When a patient is diagnosed with metastatic disease the primary site of the cancer is usually, but not always, evident. When the origin of the cancer is not identified it is described as a Cancer of Unknown Primary site, or CUP.

Each year in the UK over 10,000 people are diagnosed with CUP. This is a higher incidence than known cancers such as pancreatic, ovarian, uterine, kidney, brain, cervical or blood (leukaemia) cancers.

This October, the first international conference devoted to CUP will be held in London. It aims to bring together people of different disciplines and experiences to share knowledge and understanding and to look for ways forward. There will be a number of short presentations, expert panel discussions and the chance to interact and network with colleagues in the field.

The conference, titled: Overcoming the unknown: New approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of carcinomas of unknown primary, will be held on October 15th at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, in Regents Park, London.

The conference is for oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, palliative care physicians, surgeons, nurses, researchers and all medical practitioners with an interest in CUP. There will also be representation from cancer charities and those whose lives are, or have been, touched by CUP.

The registration fee is £98 inclusive of lunch, refreshments, conference materials, VAT. There is a discount of £30 for anyone registering on or before 30 June.
To register, please see the website http://www.cupfoundjo.org/conference/index
.and download a registration form.

Bursaries

Several bursaries are available for anyone not funded by an organisation thanks to Matt’s Trust Fund for Cancer, in memory of Matt Hoyle who died with CUP in 2005 aged 26.. For an application form please eMail: john@cupfoundjo.org copied to dcs@delegate.uk.com. Please put “Bursary” in the eMail subject line.

Source
Matt’s Trust Fund for Cancer

Diabetelogia, the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), published a series of research papers today examining a possible link between insulin glargine (brand name, Lantus) and cancer. Findings from these research papers are conflicting and inconclusive, and the org/” rel=”nofollow”>American Diabetes Association cautions against over-reaction until more information is available.

Four different population based studies were reported and published in Diabetelogia and the data within these studies and between these studies are conflicting and confusing. Until more information is available, the American Diabetes Association advises patients using insulin not to stop taking it.

For patients using glargine and considering switching to another form of insulin, the data in these studies make it unclear as to whether any one type of insulin increases the risk of cancer more than other types of insulin.

Patients concerned about these studies or their insulin regimen should talk to their doctor and should not stop taking their insulin on the basis of the findings reported here.

Insulin is a hormone normally produced by the pancreas that helps the body use glucose for energy. All people with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin to survive; many patients with type 2 diabetes also need to take insulin to control their blood glucose.

Glargine insulin, which as been widely used since 2000, is an artificial form of insulin that is typically administered once a day.

Source
American Diabetes Association

View drug information on Lantus.

The risk of cancer possibly increases if patients with diabetes use the long-acting insulin analogue glargine instead of human insulin. The Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), in collaboration with the “Wissenschaftliches Institut der AOK” (WIdO), the research institute of the German Local Health Care Fund, analysed the data of almost 130,000 patients with diabetes in Germany who had been treated with either human insulin or the insulin analogues lispro (trade name: Lantus) between January 2001 and June 2005.

The analysis has now been published together with further studies in the scientific journal Diabetologia, the official organ of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).

The disturbing result is that malignancies were found more frequently in patients treated with glargine than in those prescribed a comparable dose of human insulin. “Our analysis does not provide absolute proof that glargine promotes cancer,” says Peter T. Sawicki, IQWiG’s Director and co-author of the study. “Our study does, however, arouse an urgent suspicion which should have consequences for the treatment of patients.”

No difference was found between the short-acting insulin analogues, lispro and aspart, and human insulin. Insulin analogues are synthetic molecules that do not occur naturally, whereas human insulin matches the insulin that the human body manufactures itself.

Is glargine the cause?

IQWiG emphasises that the link found between prescribing glargine and an increased cancer risk is a statistical association. Thus, it is possible that other factors as yet unknown are the cause of the increased risk, rather than glargine. However, it is disturbing that of three further studies published in the same edition of Diabetologia, two also describe an increase in cancer risk associated with glargine.

Glargine has been approved in Germany since 2000. Since then, several laboratory trials have been published which indicate that, under certain conditions, insulin analogues can stimulate the growth of cancer cell lines more strongly than human insulin. “These indications are discussed in the scientific world but have never been dispelled by proper studies,” says Sawicki. According to IQWiG, the overall indications of a risk from glargine have now intensified to such an extent that the burden of proof has been reversed for precautionary reasons: as long as reliable studies do not prove the safety of glargine compared to human insulin, the drug should only be used if there are particularly important reasons for doing so.

Risk of disease increases with dose

The researchers also found that the risk of cancer rose further with increasing glargine dose when compared to human insulin. This dose-dependent relationship with glargine also confirms the suspicion that the drug plays a causal role.

The increase in cancer risk was relatively small and was only detected when other, important factors such as age, sex and daily insulin dose were taken into consideration. The patients were on average between 65 and 70 years of age, thus in principle were already exposed to a certain degree of cancer risk. Out of 1000 patients treated with human insulin, about 41 developed malignancies within an average of 20 months. If “similar” patients were to be treated with glargine, the increases in cancer diagnoses would be as follows: in patients prescribed on average 10 glargine units daily, about 4 more patients per 1000 patients would develop cancer. In patients prescribed 50 glargine units daily, about 13 more patients per 1000 patients would develop cancer.

However, according to the German Local Health Care Fund data, most patients used glargine in relatively low doses. Of 100 patients using glargine, about 50 patients used less then 20 units daily, and only 5 of 100 patients used more than 50 units daily.

Don’t change treatment hastily

However, the latest investigation is no reason for patients with diabetes to change their treatment hastily, especially if the glargine dose used is low. Diabetes is a complex disease and many aspects need to be considered in its treatment. “However, if a patient can be treated equally well with human insulin as with glargine, then, after consultation with his or her doctor, the patient should consider changing to human insulin,” states Sawicki. “If at all possible, patients with an increased risk of cancer should use human insulin instead of glargine.”

The researchers have no evidence that glargine or other insulin agents transform normal cells to cancer cells. However, it may be possible that glargine stimulates the growth of existing cancer cells more strongly than other types of insulin.

In their study, IQWiG and WIdO had access to pseudonymous data on disease and invoices for 17.9 million insurants of the AOK, of which over 320,000 patients had diabetes (particularly type 2). The data were evaluated of approximately 130,000 patients with diabetes who had used either human insulin or an insulin analogue exclusively, and who had not developed malignancies up to 2001.

Source:
Dr. Anna-Sabine Ernst

Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care

View drug information on Lantus.